Hi People, recently the question popped up about how many free software is published under which license. We believe that the licenses of the FSF, especially the GNU GPL is the most commonly used and spreaded Free Software license.
Probably with BSD like licenses and Public domain coming next (personal guess).
This is of course not just a matter of how many code lines are under which license or the number of projects. It is also a matter of importance. Nontheless I tried to collect some numbers I could grasp easily, probably underrepresenting the BSD code out there.
Sourceforge: http://sourceforge.net/softwaremap/trove_list.php?form_cat=13
OSI Approved (8964 projects) Public Domain (242 projects) Other/Proprietary License (216 projects)
(I don't know why they allow proprietory licenses....., I always thought they did not, but obviously someone should inquire otherwise the brand sourceforge for free software is damaged.)
Comment: OSI generally means that the license is also FSF approved. (with some exceptions, like the Artistic license.)
From http://sourceforge.net/softwaremap/trove_list.php?form_cat=14 Including PD from above:
GNU General Public License (GPL) :6634 GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) : 895 BSD License : 513 Public Domain : 242 Mozilla Public License (MPL) : 154 MIT/X Consortium License : 120 Python License : 80 QT Public License (QPL) : 63 zlib/libpng License : 49 IBM Public License : 11 Ricoh Source Code Public License : 5 MITRE Collaborative Virtual Workspace License (CVW) : 4
Artistic License (not free by FSF standards) : 307
Also LWN now publishes annoucement by license. (I have bugged them about this for a long time. :) ) The annoucemente come from freshmeat for each week. Unfortunalty I have not found an easy method to get the license distribution of the freshmeat database. (I have send them mail and asked for it today.)
A small script could process the LWN annoucements starting with the 21.9.2000 when the annoucements were done by license the first time. (lynx -dump is your friend.) Here are the results:
GPL:4615 LGPL: 376 BSD type: 317 OpenSource: 201 Public Domain: 86 Artistic & GPL: 66 Apache style: 65 MIT: 48 MPL: 44 QPL: 29 The PHP License: 22 IBM Public License: 10 unknown: 6 Eiffel Forum Freeware License: 6 NPL: 2
non-free licenses:
freely distributable: 228 * Freeware: 169 * free to use but restricted: 137 * Artistic: 123 * free for non-commercial use: 99 * proprietary: 52 * Free Trial: 45 * source-available proprietary: 31 * Shareware: 23 * Voxel Public License: 3 * Free World Licence: 1 * AFPL: 1 *
Conclusion: Active and visible project on freshmeat and sourceforge definately are dominated by the GNU GPL by an order of magnitute!
The LGPL seems to be second with unprotected free software types BSD/MIT/PD being in the same league.
Therefore my thesis above is backed by some data. And it makes sence, because LGPL and BSD/MIT/PD are useful licenses for some special cases, when GPL protection inhibits other goals of the project.
Cheers, Bernhard
In January I have posted my estimates on Free Software License distribuions [Reiter 2001]. It was based on data by freshmeat and sourceforge announcements.
Additional accounts of license frequencies have been conducted for Redhat 6.2 [Wheeler 2000] and 7.1 [Wheeler 2001] distributions. The conclusions based on the estimations seems to be backed by the data.
Following [Wheeler 2001], probably non-free licenses deleted: 15185987 (50.36%) GPL 2498084 (8.28%) MIT 2305001 (7.64%) LGPL 2065224 (6.85%) MPL 1315348 (4.36%) BSD 907867 (3.01%) BSD-like 455980 (1.51%) GPL, LGPL 323730 (1.07%) GPL/MIT 321123 (1.07%) Artistic or GPL 191379 (0.63%) PHP 173161 (0.57%) Apache-like 161451 (0.54%) OpenLDAP 146647 (0.49%) LGPL/GPL 103439 (0.34%) GPL (programs), relaxed LGPL (libraries), and public domain (docs) 103291 (0.34%) Apache 73650 (0.24%) W3C 73356 (0.24%) IBM Public License 59354 (0.20%) Public domain 39828 (0.13%) GPL and Artistic 31019 (0.10%) GPL or BSD 25944 (0.09%) GPL/BSD 20722 (0.07%) MIT-like 18353 (0.06%) GPL/LGPL 12987 (0.04%) Distributable - most of it GPL 8031 (0.03%) Python 6234 (0.02%) GPL/distributable 1941 (0.01%) GPL (not Firmware)
Following [Wheeler 2000], probably non-free licenses deleted: 9350709 GPL 1927711 MIT (X) 1087757 LGPL 1060633 BSD 383922 BSDish/Xish/MITish 278327 Miscellaneous (QPL, IBM, unknown) 273882 GPL/BSD 206237 Artistic or GPL 104721 LGPL/GPL 49851 None/Public Domain
Bernhard
References:
[ Reiter 2001 ] License Distribution (Post to discussion@fsfeurope.org 22.1.2001) Bernhard Reiter bernhard@intevation.de http://mailman.fsfeurope.org/pipermail/discussion/2001-January/000371.html
[ Wheeler 2000 ] Estimating Linux's Size David A. Wheeler (dwheeler@dwheeler.com) November 6, 2000 Version 1.03
http://www.dwheeler.com/sloc/redhat62-v1/redhat62sloc.1.03.html http://www.dwheeler.com/sloc/
[ Wheeler 2001 ] More Than a Gigabuck: Estimating GNU/Linux's Size David A. Wheeler (dwheeler@dwheeler.com) June 20, 2001 Version 1.01
http://www.dwheeler.com/sloc/redhat71-v1/redhat71sloc.html http://www.dwheeler.com/sloc/
On Mon, Jan 22, 2001 at 07:02:26PM +0100, Bernhard Reiter wrote:
Conclusion: Active and visible project on freshmeat and sourceforge definately are dominated by the GNU GPL by an order of magnitute!
The LGPL seems to be second with unprotected free software types BSD/MIT/PD being in the same league.